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karroo - ترجمة إلى فرنسي

EXTENSIVE SEMI-DESERT REGION IN SOUTH AFRICA
Little Karoo; Karroo; Great Karoo; Klein Karoo; Karoo, South Africa; Karoo desert; High Karoo
  • A [[springbok]], one of Southern Africa's most well-known antelopes or [[gazelles]]
  • A schematic geological map of the outcrops (surface exposures) of the Karoo Supergroup rocks in Southern Africa: The location and approximate structure of the Cape Fold Mountains are also diagrammatically indicated for reference purposes.
  • Flat-topped hills (called Karoo Koppies) are highly characteristic of the southern and southwestern Karoo landscape.
  • Two separate and independent Karoo [[biome]]s, or botanical regions, of South Africa bear the name Karoo: the [[Succulent Karoo]] to the west of green line, and the Nama Karoo to the east.
  • Great Escarpment]] in the [[Karoo National Park]] near [[Beaufort West]], looking south across the plains of the Lower Karoo: Note the remnants of the former extent of the central plateau on the plain below the escarpment (see diagram on the right). Also note the [[dolerite]] sills which top the escarpment and mountains in the middle distance, giving these structures their characteristic flat-topped appearance.
  • Sunset in the Great Karoo, near Sutherland, showing a multibladed windpump, which has made permanent settlement and farming possible in this thirsty land. These windpumps are as iconic of the Great Karoo as are the flat-topped Karoo Koppies.
  • The Lord Milner Hotel in [[Matjiesfontein]], in the Lower Karoo, next to the Matjiesfontein railway station, on the railway line from Cape Town to Johannesburg
  • Great Escarpment]]. The colour code for the Karoo rocks is the same as those used in the above diagram. The heavy black line flanked by opposing arrows is the fault that runs for nearly 300 km along the southern edge of the [[Swartberg]] Mountains. The Swartberg range owes some of its great height to upliftment along this fault line. The subsurface structures are not to scale.
  • Spring flowers in Namaqualand
  • Louis XVI]]'s menagerie at Versailles by Nicolas Marechal, 1793
  • Swartberg Mountains]] (in the background) along the northern strip of the Little Karoo
  • A stylized illustration of the Great Escarpment, based particularly on its appearance in the Great Karoo, where thick erosion resistant dolerite sills (see below; represented here by the thick black lines. The thinner dolerite sills are not drawn in this diagram to avoid clutter) generally form the upper, sharp edge of the escarpment. (In other parts of the escarpment, hard erosion-resistant geological layers similarly form the upper, abrupt edge.) Note the island remnants of the earlier extent of the plateau on the plain below the escarpment (the Lower Karoo), left behind as the escarpment has gradually eroded further inland.<ref name= McCarthy1>McCarthy, T.S. (2013) The Okavango delta and its place in the geomorphological evolution of Southern Africa. ''[[South African Journal of Geology]]'' 116: 1–54.</ref>

karroo      
n. karroo
Karo         
Karo, family name
karo      
n. karo, shrub that produces shiny leaves with a soft white underside and red flowers (native to New Zealand)

ويكيبيديا

Karoo

The Karoo ( kə-ROO; from the Afrikaans borrowing of the South Khoekhoe !Orakobab or Khoemana word ǃ’Aukarob "Hardveld") is a semi-desert natural region of South Africa. No exact definition of what constitutes the Karoo is available, so its extent is also not precisely defined. The Karoo is partly defined by its topography, geology and climate, and above all, its low rainfall, arid air, cloudless skies, and extremes of heat and cold. The Karoo also hosted a well-preserved ecosystem hundreds of million years ago which is now represented by many fossils.

The ǃ’Aukarob formed an almost impenetrable barrier to the interior from Cape Town, and the early adventurers, explorers, hunters, and travelers on the way to the Highveld unanimously denounced it as a frightening place of great heat, great frosts, great floods, and great droughts. Today, it is still a place of great heat and frosts, and an annual rainfall of between 50 and 250 mm, though on some of the mountains it can be 250 to 500 mm higher than on the plains. However, underground water is found throughout the Karoo, which can be tapped by boreholes, making permanent settlements and sheep farming possible.

The xerophytic vegetation consists of aloes, mesembryanthemums, crassulas, euphorbias, stapelias, and desert ephemerals, spaced 50 cm or more apart, and becoming very sparse going northwards into Bushmanland and, from there, into the Kalahari Desert. The driest region of the Karoo, however, is its southwestern corner, between the Great Escarpment and the Cederberg-Skurweberg mountain ranges, called the Tankwa Karoo, which receives only 75 mm of rain annually. The eastern and north-eastern Karoo are often covered by large patches of grassland. The typical Karoo vegetation used to support large game, sometimes in vast herds.

Today, sheep thrive on the xerophytes, though each sheep requires about 4 ha of grazing to sustain itself.